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Glossary of terms

From A to Z, understand investment jargon with our glossary of terms.

'Macro-economic environment'

Macro-economic environment refers to conditions that exist in the economy as a whole. This will generally include trends such as inflation, employment, spending, GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and fiscal policy. Conversely, a micro environment looks at smaller economic units such as individual households or consumers.

'Market capitalisation'

Market capitalisation (sometimes referred to as 'market cap') is the total value of a company, calculated by multiplying the number of shares in issue by the current price of the shares. Companies are often referred to as being 'large-cap', 'mid-cap' and 'small-cap', reflecting their relative total value – large-cap being the largest companies and small-cap being the smallest (though it's important to remember that small-cap can still mean companies with values in the hundreds of millions or even low billions).

'Maturity'

Maturity refers to the date when the original investment in a bond is repaid. It can also mean the end of the life of a future or option.

'Mega-cap'

Market capitalisation (sometimes referred to as 'market cap') is the total value of a company, calculated by multiplying the number of shares in issue by the current price of the shares. Companies are often referred to as being 'mega-cap', 'large-cap', 'mid-cap' and 'small-cap', reflecting their relative total value – mega-cap and large-cap being the largest companies and small-cap being the smallest (though it's important to remember that small-cap can still mean companies with values in the hundreds of millions or even low billions). Different markets attach different values when seeking to define the differences between these categorisations.

'MEXID'

A MEXID is a code that acts as a unique identifier for a fund unit or share. Other codes of a similar nature include SEDOL and ISIN.

'Mid price'

All Artemis funds are bought and sold at the mid price.

'Mid-cap'

Market capitalisation (sometimes referred to as 'market cap') is the total value of a company, calculated by multiplying the number of shares in issue by the current price of the shares. Companies are often referred to as being 'mega-cap', 'large-cap', 'mid-cap' and 'small-cap', reflecting their relative total value – mega-cap and large-cap being the largest companies and small-cap being the smallest (though it's important to remember that small-cap can still mean companies with values in the hundreds of millions or even low billions). Different markets attach different values when seeking to define the differences between these categorisations.

'Minimum investment'

This is the minimum amount of money accepted as a first investment in a fund. The minimum investment in Artemis funds depends on the 'class' being invested in, and can be found on an individual fund's factsheet. Investors can typically invest either a lump sum or a regular monthly amount - see also 'minimum monthly investment'.

'Minimum monthly investment'

This is the minimum amount of money accepted as a regular monthly investment in a fund. The minimum investment in Artemis funds depends on the 'class' being invested in, and can be found on an individual fund's factsheet.

'Momentum investing'

Momentum refers to the speed of changes in the price of a company share (or other type of investment asset). Momentum indicates the rate of change in price movement over a period of time. It helps investors determine the strength of a trend. Shares that tend to move with the strength of momentum are called momentum shares. Momentum is used by investors to trade shares in a rising market by going 'long' (buying shares) or in a falling market by selling shares (going 'short'). A share can exhibit bullish momentum, meaning the price is rising, or bearish momentum where the price is falling.

'Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)'

The Monetary Policy Committee is a committee of the Bank of England. It sets interest rates in the UK. The committee sets an interest rate it judges will enable the inflation target to be met. For further information, visit http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/Pages/overview.aspx

'Money laundering'

Money laundering is the process of passing money gained illegally through the financial system to convert it to legitimate funds. Since 1994, when the then government introduced the Money Laundering Regulations, financial services firms have been required to have procedures in place to prevent money laundering. This involves the verification of client identity and address in an attempt to safeguard against and reduce the scope for financial crime.

'Morningstar OBSR'

Morningstar OBSR is an independent fund rating organisation. The Morningstar OBSR Analyst Rating (TM) for funds is described as "the summary expression of the forward-looking analysis of a fund. Morningstar OBSR Analyst Ratings are assigned globally on a five-tier scale running from Gold to Negative. The top three ratings, Gold, Silver, and Bronze, all indicate that a Morningstar OBSR analyst thinks highly of a fund; the difference between them corresponds to differences in the level of analyst conviction in a fund’s ability to outperform its benchmark and peers through time, within the context of the level of risk taken." (Source Morningstar)

'Mutual fund'

A mutual fund, also known as a 'collective investment scheme', is an investment vehicle that is made up of a pool of funds collected from multiple investors for the purpose of investing in securities such as stocks, bonds, money market instruments and similar assets. Mutual funds are operated by asset managers, who invest the fund's capital and attempt to produce capital gains and income for the fund's investors. A mutual fund's portfolio is structured and maintained to match the investment objectives stated in its prospectus.